Foreword

Overview and Use of this Remote Sensing Tutorial on the Internet

Introduction to Remote Sensing: Historical and Technical Perspectives

The concept of Remote Sensing
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
History of Remote Sensing
Landsat: The Multi-Spectral Scanner
Landsat: The Thematic Mapper
Spot and Other Satellite Systems

Section 1: Image Processing and Interpretation - Morro Bay, California

TM Band 3 of Morro Bay, California
Ground and Aerial Photographs of Morro Bay area
Thematic Mapper Bands
Feature Identification Map
Mystery Feature
Band Information Characteristics
False Color View
True Color View
Other Color Combos
Contrast Stretching and Spatial Filtering
Principal Components Analysis
Image Ratioing
Unsupervised Classification
Supervised Classification
Minimum Distance Classification
Maximum Likelihood Classification
Probabilistic Neural Network Classifier

Section 2: Geologic Applications I - Stratigraphy & Structure

Using Landsat for Geological Studies
Geologic Map of Waterpocket Fold
Maximum Likelihood Classification
Geologic Folds
Faults & Joints
Atlanta Groundwater Survey

Section 3: Vegetation Applications - Agriculture, Forestry, and Ecology

SPOT Satellite AVHRR Vegetation Index of Africa
Kenya & Rift Valley of Africa
South West Kansas, U.S.A.
Morocco
AVHRR Vegetation Index of Africa
Soviet Wheat Harvest; Salton Sea, California-Mexico Border
Amazon Rain Forests; Deforestation
Defoliation, and Mine Wastes

Section 4: Urban and Land Use Applications - From Los Angeles to Paris

Los Angeles, San Diego, and Tucson
Miami, New Orleans, and Atlanta
The U.S. Capital: Washington D.C.
Paris, France, and Florence Italy
Dallas-Fort Worth, First MSS Landsat (ERTS) Scene

Section 5: Geologic Applications II - Mineral & Petroleum Exploration

Geological Setting at White Mountain, Utah
Ratio, PCA & Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Utah Site
Finding Oil & Gas in Oklahoma

Section 6: Flight Across the United States - Boston to Denver to San Francisco

Boston, MA TM Scene
Pennsylvania, Appalachians, TM Scene
Chicago, Illinois, TM Scene
Elkhart, Kansas, TM Scene
Denver, Colorado, and Front Range TM Scene
Four Corners - Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah TM
Nevada TM Scene
San Francisco Bay Area, California, TM Scene

Section 7: Regional Studies - Use of Mosaics from Landsat

Photographic Mosaic of Los Angeles, U.S.A.
MSS Mosaic San Francisco to San Diego, U.S.A.
Digital Elevation Model: California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona, U.S.A.
MSS Mosaic, Western U.S.A.
Casper Ridge, Wyoming, U.S.A.
European Alps
Iran-Pakistan-India

Section 8: Radar and Microwave Remote Sensing

Radar Defined
How RADAR works
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Nigeria/Cameroon
Pine Mountain Thrust; Effect of Illumination Angles
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Polarization; Radar Penetration
Seasat Images
SIR-A, -B, and -C on the Space Shuttle
Topex/Poseidon; ERS; JERS; and Radarsat
Passive Microwave; Lidar

Section 9: The Warm Earth - Thermal Remote Sensing

Planck Blackbody Law
The Wien Displacement Law and Emissivity Effects
Heat Capacity, Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Inertia Defined
White Mountain Thermal Features
Lakes Erie/Ontario TM Band 6
Death Valley TM Data
Mauna Loa, Hawaii, TIMS Data
The Heat Capacity Mission

Section 10: Aerial Photography as Primary & Ancillary Data Sources

New Zealand and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Photographic Process Photogrammetry

Section 11: The Earth's Surface in 3D - Stereo Systems and Topographic Mapping

The Concept of Contours
Seeing in Stereo
DEMs and other Viewing Modes
The GPS System
Altimetry
Radar Stereo/Interferometry
Stereo Pairs from Space

Section 12: The Human Remote Senser in Space - Astronaut Photography

Mercury and Gemini
Apollo Photography
Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz
Shuttle Photography; Kosmos

Section 13: Collecting Data at the Surface - Ground Truth; Imaging Spectroscopy

Rationale for Surface Observations
Training Sites; Mixed Pixels
Accuracy Assessment
Field Instruments and Measurements; Data Collection Platforms
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Imaging Spectrometers
Principles of Spectroscopy
Absorption Processes
Factors that Modify or "Confound" Spectral Curves; Data Analysis
AVIRIS and other Imaging Spectrometers
Examples of Imaging Spectrometer Products; Multisensor Analysis

Section 14: The Water Planet - Meteorological, Oceanographic and Hydrologic Applications of Remote Sensing

Hydrologic Cycle; Meteorological Satellites (General)
Atmospheric Sounders; Classes of Metsats
TIROS and Nimbus
ESSA, DMSP, SSM/I, TRMM
NOAA Series
Geostationary Satellites; GOES; Insat, Meteosat; GMS
ERBS, UARS; ADEOS
Hurricane Andrew; 1993 Storm of the Century
Oceanographic Observations; El Niño
Seasat; Topex-Poseidon; NSCAT
CZCS; SeaWiFS
Ice Monitoring
Hydrologic Applications: Snow Cover; Flooding

Section 15: Geographic Information Systems - The GIS Approach to Decision Making

Maps and Attributes
Data Elements and Models
GIS Defined
A GIS Case Study in Africa
Conducting a GIS Analysis
The PP&L Siting Problem
References

Section 16: Earth Systems Science - Mission to Planet Earth and the EOS Program

Overview of MTPE and EOS; Global Changes
Earth System Science
National and International Programs
Mission to Planet Earth
EOS Platforms/Sensors; Mission Profiles; EOSDIS
Background Readings

Section 17: Use of Remote Sensing in Basic Science Studies I - Mega-Geomorphology

MegaGeomorphology Defined; Geomorphic Maps
"Geomorphology from Space"
Tectonic/Volcanic Landforms
Fluvial/Deltaic/Coastal Landforms
Karst/Aeolian/Glacial Landforms
Terranes as Terrains: The Klamath, Oregon Study
The Klamaths from Space
Geomorphic Parameters from Maps
Summary of the Klamath Terrane Project

Section 18: Basic Science II: Impact Cratering

Distribution of Craters
Cratering Mechanics
Crater Morphology
Shock Metamorphism
Remote Sensing of Craters

Section 19: Planetary Remote Sensing - The Exploration of Extraterrestrial Bodies

Remote Sensing Techniques
Cosmology

The Origin and Development of the Universe

Origin of Matter; the First Minute of the Universe
Big Bang Eras; Galaxies
Birth, Life and Death of Stars
Space-Time and Expansion
Evidence for the Big Bang; Expansion Models
Accelerating Universes
Origin of Planetary Systems

Planetary Parameters
Pre-Apollo Exploration of the Moon
The Apollo Program and Follow-ups
Mercury and Venus
Mars
Overview of the Outer Planets
Jupiter
The Galilean Satellites
Saturn and Its Moons
Uranus, Neptune and Their Satellites
Asteroids and Comets
Comet Shoemaker-Levy

Section 20: Remote Sensing into the 21st Century

Outlook for the Future
Regional Applications Center Program
Commercialization of Space

Glossary

Appendix 1 - Interactive Image Processing

Introduction
The Nature of Satellite Digital Data
Digitization
Image Processing
Introduction to PIT
Installing PIT from the Internet
Installing PIT from the CD-ROM
General Overview of PIT
Displaying Images
Histograms and Scatter Plots
Ratioing and Principal Components
Unsupervised Classifications
Supervised Classifications
Conclusion